The aftermath of the failed Cancún Ministerial has intensified the debate regarding the best strategies for Brazilian participation in the international trade system. The failure of Cancún highlighted the gap between developing countries’ expectations and developed countries’ positions. This analysis attempts to map out the potential affects of trade liberalisation on poverty in Brazil: it highlights the potential for liberalisation to be an engine for economic growth and poverty alleviation; however, it also
illustrates the importance of domestic policies in reducing poverty.