Sixty years ago, the world witnessed with horror the force of the split atom unleashed on a civilian population. Consequently, the very first resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 1946 established a commission to deal with the discovery of atomic energy and related matters. It was tasked with developing proposals for the control of atomic energy, to the extent necessary to ensure its use only for peaceful purposes, and for effective safeguards1 by way of inspection and other means to protect complying states against the hazards of violations and evasions.