This briefing examines how value chain analysis (VCA) can, in a practical way, help the rural poor participate gainfully in local, regional and global trade. It begins by explaining why value chains have emerged as a helpful entry point for discussions on rural poverty. Focusing on Latin America, it then summarises some constraints faced by low-income participants in agriculture, while outlining a framework for how the rural poor can upgrade their position within viable value chains. It concludes by pulling together lessons learnt on using value chain analysis and development effectively as a tool to augment the incomes of poor people in rural areas.