The recent Crop Intensification Program represents a great opportunity for Rwanda to guarantee food security and strengthen the country's agricultural productivity. However overwhelming evidence is arising that a sustained growth path will be preserved over time only if the production process incorporates sustainability issues. Through qualitative interviews, a quantitative analysis and findings from the literature this report assesses the sustainability of the current Rwanda Crop Intensification Program formulation and analyzes the interventions that are needed to reconcile immediate food security needs and long run environment proof methods of crops production.