Much has already been said of the abuses and suffering experienced by migrants working in the Gulf States, and a new report by the International Organization for Migration highlights that more than 4,000 migrants have died whilst crossing international borders in 2014 alone. But such risks are not limited to transit and destination countries: as this new research from Nepal and Pakistan shows, the potential for exploitation exists even before migrants board the plane.
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Migration from the margins mobility, vulnerability and inevitability in mid-western Nepal and north-western Pakistan
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Jessica Hagen-Zanker, Richard Mallett, Anita Ghimire, Qasim Ali Shah, Bishnu Upreti and Haider Abbas
