This document summarises the more detailed report 'Afghanistan’s political and constitutional development', which argues that achieving the constitutional and electoral processes provided for under the Bonn Agreement will depend upon improvements in security throughout the country. This in turn will be contingent upon enhancing the legitimacy of the Afghan Transitional Authority (ATA); more rapid and effective demobilisation and reintegration of armed personnel; more coherent international policies on peace-building in Afghanistan; and moves to address the climate of impunity currently associated with armed groups.