The paper produced by this project reviews CSO engagement in the PSIA processes and analyses to what extent, and under what circumstances, civic engagement in the PSIA process can be improved. The paper examines experience to date and draws lessons for the design of PSIAs processes which provide space for civil society engagement. It also makes recommendations and accessible tools to support improved engagement by CSOs in PSIA processes. The report (handbook) contextualises such advice by reviewing what is known about the challenges in using evidence in policy making; the barriers to effective pro-poor policy formulation and the range of roles played by civil society in national policy processes.